Collecting And Dissipating Energy

Collecting And Dissipating Energy
Energy Dissipation and Collection: Without further ado, we consider the scalar potential's
local energy density in terms of joules per coulomb. That is, in a specific glob of charges (i.e., in
finite circuits), the amount of energy collected from a potential gradient onto the finite number of
charges receiving/collecting it, is equal to the number of joules of energy per coulomb that is in
the potential gradient, times the number of coulombs collecting (receiving) the potential
gradient. The current is the activated (potentialized) coulombs per second that dissipate their
potential gradients during that second. The current multiplied by the time the current flows gives
the activated coulombs that dissipated their activation (potentialization) during that flow time.
Dissipating, activated coulombs multiplied by the excess energy collected per activated
coulomb gives the energy dissipated (the work or scattering done) in the load.
We define collection as the connection of a potential gradient (a source) to the charged masses
in a circuit element (the element is called the collector ), which for a finite delay time does not
allow its potentialized free electrons to move as current. In the collector, during this delay time
these trapped electrons are "activated" by potential gradients being coupled to them.
Technically, that delay time in the collector is known as relaxation time,7 in the case of the free
electron gas8 (in a wire or in a circuit element). A collector then is a circuit element that has a
usable, finite relaxation time. During that relaxation time, the trapped electrons are potentialized
without movement as current; each collecting/receiving free electron gets a little gradient across
it, but no current yet flows. In other words, during this finite relaxation time (collection time), we
extract potential from the source, but no current. Thus we extract energy (potential), but no
power (which is voltage x amperage). During the relaxation time, we extract from the source
only a flow of VPF, which is continually replaced in the source by the vacuum's violent VPF
exchange with the source's bipolarity charges. We do not extract power from the battery/source
during relaxation time, but we extract free energy density. That free energy density, coupling
with a finite quantity of electrons, gives us a collected finite amount of energy. With that
background, let's start again, and go through this in a useful "free energy" manner.
The Electron Gas. We refer to the conventional model of the free electron gas in a wire.9
Although the electrons in this gas actually move by quantum mechanical laws and not by
classical laws, we shall simply be dealing with the "on the average" case. So we will speak of
the electrons and their movement in a classical sense, rather than a quantum mechanical
sense, as this will suffice very well for our purposes.
When one connects a circuit to a source of potential gradient (say, to a battery), the first thing
that happens nearly instantly is that the potential gradient races onto the coupling wire and
heads down it at almost the speed of light. As it goes onto the wire, this gradient "couples" to
the free electrons in the free electron gas. However, inside the wire, these electrons can hardly
move down the wire at all; they can only "slip" once in a while, yielding a "drift" velocity of a
fraction of a cm/sec.10 On the surface, things are just a little bit different. Most of the "current" in
a wire, as is well-known, moves along the surface, giving us the "skin" effect. [For that reason,
many cables are stranded of finer wires, to provide more skin surface per cm3 of copper, and
hence more current-carrying capability per cm3 of copper.]
So, initially, little gradients of potential appear on and across each free electron, with a single
little ∇φon each electron, and coupled to it. The couplet of [∇φ•me], where me is the mass of the
electron, constitutes a small ΔEe. [This is rigorous; the conventional EM notion that an E field
exists in the vacuum is absurd, and it is well-known in QM that no observable force field exists
in the vacuum. As Feynman pointed out, only the potential for the force field exists in the
vacuum,11 not the force field as such. Or as Lindsay and Margenau pointed out in their
Foundations of Physics, one does not have an observable
force except when observable mass is present.12]. We have stated it even stronger: Not only is
F = ma, but F ≡ ma (nonrelativistic case).13 Since no observable mass exists in vacuum, then no
observable F exists there either.