PRACTICAL OVERUNITY ELECTRICAL DEVICES

PRACTICAL OVERUNITY ELECTRICAL DEVICES
(C) T.E. Bearden
May 13, 1994
Introduction
Recently, my associates and I have filed a patent application on what we believe will at long last reveal the mechanisms for practical
overunity electrical devices. It is my purpose in this paper to provide additional information augmenting my former two papers, (1)
"The Final Secret of Free Energy," Feb. 1993, and (2) "Additional Information on the Final Secret of Free Energy," Feb. 1994. In this
present paper, with the permission of my colleagues, I release the gist of our work on separation of electrical charge into two coupled
components Ø (m), where Ø represents the massless charge of the charged particle or mass, represents the fact that it is coupled
or trying to couple to the special mass that makes up charged particles [i.e., the special kind of mass that will couple to the virtual
photon flux density that is represented by the symbol Ø], and m represents the inert mass component of the charged mass. Since not
all masses will couple with Ø , we indicate the type of mass that will couple with it, as m. Thus a charged mass is composed of (Ø
) ( m), which we consolidate to (Ø) (m).
Charge Is Not Quantized
An interesting immediate result is that the massless charge of a fundamental charged particle is not quantized; it changes as
a function of the background potential in which it is embedded. So it is discretized as a function of the background potential (i.e., of
the virtual photon flux exchange between it and the surrounding vacuum). Otherwise, e.g., there could be no Ø created on any
charged particle q, and hence no E-field, and hence electrons would not move in our present circuits. Since they do move in our
circuits, charge is not quantized.
Electrical Current Has Two Components
The first key to understanding free energy electrical and magnetic machines is to realize that electrical current actually
consists of two currents coupled together. Our treatment of an electric charge as a coupled system (Ø) (m) also means that electron
current i = dq/dt is comprised of two coupled components [(dØ/dt) (dm/dt)]. This follows from simply invoking the operator d/dt; i.
e., d/dt[(Ø) (m)] = (dØ/dt) (dm/dt), which is the same as [(dØ/dt ) ( dm/dt)]. The component (dØ/dt) is the known but not
well understood massless displacement current, while the component (dm/dt) is the mass displacement current, and the coupling
operator means "coupled to" or "trying to couple to". The coupling operator represents a real physical operation: the exchange of
virtual photons between the vacuum potential and the charged mass. Any potential Ø1 is considered to be a potential that is
superposed upon the ambient vacuum potential Ø0 , to provide a potential (Ø0+Ø1) . The ambient vacuum potential does not
disappear merely because we add another potential to it!
Confusion In Present Electrical Physics
We point out that, in physics books of note, the overt coupling effect is essentially unknown or ignored because physics presently has
not defined either the scalar potential or the electrical charge. The conventional theory simply uses an "inert" expression dØ/dt to
represent the displacement current (and another inert expression q for a charged mass), and most theoreticians are uncomfortable even
with that. The displacement current is also confused with force by equating the displacement current dØ/dt to dE/dt. In turn, this
means that dØ/dt is confused with mass, hence with dm/dt, which latter is also a component of dq/dt. m is always an \internal
component\ of force, as is known in foundations of physics but this fact continues to remain completely oblivious to the electricians.
[Good electrical theorists do admit that there is no force in the vacuum; and that the force associated with the E-field is evidenced
only in the interacting mass. However, they continue to maintain the E-field (force per point-coulomb of charged mass) in the
vacuum, when there are no point-coulombs of charged mass there!
Mass Is an Internal Component of Force
It is easy to show that mass is always a component of force: We will simply define force precisely. We first insist that no equation
can be used as a definition; an equation simply states that the magnitude of one of its sides and the magnitude of the other side are
equal. (The length of a board and the length of a human may be equal, but writing that as an equation has absolutely nothing to do
with the definition of either a board or a human). So we will insist that any true definition must be an identity.
We define force F as F d/dt(mv), whereupon mass is a component of force a priori. It follows that, if we define the E-field E as the
force per coulomb, we are defining it as the force existing at a point and having a point-coulomb of charged mass as one of its major
components. We may accurately now define E as E -[( Ø) (q)]/q, where the absolute value symbol in the denominator is
essential, q/q being one point-coulomb. [We leave as an exercise for the reader the further reduction of this definition by treating q
as (Ø m)].
At any rate, with the new and correct definition of the E-field, one can see that the flow of displacement current (dØ/dt) upon a
collector such as a rigid capacitor, containing a fixed charge (Ø m), will result in the formation of an excess Ø upon those
restrained charges in the capacitor plate, so that there is created an E -[( Ø) (q)]/q. Since the conventional theory considers the
antigradient of the potential as an E-field, then one can now see the exact mechanism that creates this E-field that grows upon the
capacitor (across its plates) as it charges. In fact, the q/q cannot change in a capacitor if its plates and dielectric are immovable.
Instead, in that case, the Ø portion of the trapped (q) changes, producing the ( Ø) change. Since the ( Ø) component is
coupled to the mass component of the fixed q as (Ø+ Ø) m, then an E-field is created and exists as E -[( Ø) (q)]/q.